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Description

“Perinatal Pharmacology: Individualized Neonatal Therapy” edited by Jacob V. Aranda, Vassilios Fanos, John N. van den Anker

ISBN 9788890651434, book series: Systems Medicine, 352 pages, Hardcover, € 90, 1st edition: October 2012

Authors: Massimo Agosti, Karel Allegaert, Jacob V. Aranda, Salvatore Aversa, Caterina Silvia Barbàra, Ignazio Barberi, Pier Paolo Bassareo, Kay Beharry, Paolo Biban, Giuseppe Buonocore, Daniel Canal-Tristancho, Maria Grazia Capretti, Virgilio P. Carnielli, Elio Castagnola, Massimo Castagnola, Carla Cerasaro, Francesca Ciuffini, Paola E. Cogo, Mariarosa Colnaghi, Giovanni Corsello, Laura Cuzzolin, Roosmarijn De Cock, Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo, Gavino Faa, Daniela Fanni, Vassilios Fanos, Daniele Farina, Monica Fumagalli, Bruna Gabriele, Clara Gerosa, Yukio Gibo, Eloisa Gitto, Mario Giuffrè, Maria Beatriz Guedes, Hercília Guimarães, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Eveline Jacqz-Aigrain, Spyros Kloudas, Catherijne Knibbe, Amir Lahav, Marcello Lanari, Douglas R. Lazarro, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Paolo Manzoni, Lucia Marseglia, Giuseppe Mercuro, Fabio Midulla, Corrado Moretti, Fabio Mosca, Sonia Nemolato, Stefano Nobile, Eren Özek, Paola Papoff, Serafina Perrone, Valentina Polimeni, Natella Y. Rakhmanina, Gustavo Rocha, Serena Salvadei, Davide Silvagni, Henrique Soares, Paulo Soares, Paola Sogno Valin, Gemma Stazzoni, Mauro Stronati, Aggeliki Syggelou, Maria Luisa Tataranno, Gloria B. Valencia, John N. van den Anker, Bart Van Overmeire, Theodoros Xanthos, Murat Yurdakök, Emily Zimmerman

The origin of this book lies on the awareness that we have to do more for identifying unmet needs and improving a tailor-made treatment for each newborn.

After a large introduction on developmental pharmacology, this book analyses in detail new advances on antibiotics (aminoglycosides), antifungals, antivirals (CMV, RSV, HIV), analgosedatives, steroids, caffeine, and cardiovascular drugs. An updated pharmacologic treatment of respiratory diseases (respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, chronic lung disease, persistent pulmonary hypertension) is presented, as well as for persistent patent ductus arteriosus and retinopathy of prematurity. Finally, neuroprotection is considered, with special emphasis on antioxidants and melatonin.

A special part is devoted to drug-induced renal toxicity and liver toxicity and completes the volume, also quoting the so-called ‘-omics‘ sciences such as genomics and metabolomics.

The topics are covered by international experts in the field and the subtle red line that links all the chapters together is the perspective of individualized treatments to reach our ultimate goal: the right therapy for each newborn without any side effects.

Main topics

Aminoglycosides – Analgosedatives – Antifungals – Antioxidants – Antivirals (CMV, RSV, HIV) – Caffeine – Cardiovascular drugs – Chronic lung disease – Drug-induced liver
toxicity – Drug-induced renal toxicity – Genomics – Meconium aspiration syndrome – Melatonin – Metabolomics – Neuroprotection – Persistent patent ductus arteriosus – Persistent pulmonary hypertension – Respiratory distress syndrome – Retinopathy of prematurity – Steroids

Contents

Contributors

Preface

Abbreviations

1. Developmental pharmacology
John N. van den Anker, Natella Y. Rakhmanina, Karel Allegaert
Drug absorption • Drug distribution • Drug metabolism • Phase I enzymes • Drug excretion • Other factors influencing the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs in neonates and young infants • Pharmacogenomics: impact for pediatric populations • Developmental pharmacodynamics • Conclusions • References

2. Drug-induced liver injury in neonates: a developmental approach
Gavino Faa, Daniela Fanni, Clara Gerosa, Sonia Nemolato, Yukio Gibo, Massimo Castagnola, Vassilios Fanos
Pharmacokinetics in neonates • Drug-induced liver injury in neonates • Liver disease due to widely utilized drugs in newborns • Conclusions and future challenges • References

3. Influence of prenatal drug treatments on kidney function during fetal and neonatal life
Laura Cuzzolin, Vassilios Fanos
Pathophysiological mechanisms and renal syndromes • Prenatal exposure to drugs • Conclusions • References

4. Excipients in neonatal drug formulations: friend and foe?
Roosmarijn De Cock, Catherijne Knibbe, Karel Allegaert
About the compounds we routinely administer, but never prescribe • The STEP database • The ESNEE research initiative • The Leuven propylene glycol research project to illustrate feasibility and limitations • Perspectives • References

5. Pharmacotoxic effects of aminoglycosides and loud environmental noise: an overlooked risk for hearing loss in preterm infants
Amir Lahav, Emily Zimmerman
The prevalence of hearing loss in preterm neonates • From the protected environment of the womb to the ototoxic environment in the neonatal intensive care unit • Aminoglycosides-induced ototoxicity • Synergistic ototoxicity induced by aminoglycoside and noise exposure • Implications for clinical care •
References

6. Clinical pharmacology of analgosedatives in neonates: between the hammer and the anvil?
Karel Allegaert, John N. van den Anker
On the relevance of (in)adequate analgesia in neonates • Clinical pharmacology of analgesics: from pharmacokinetics towards pharmacodynamics • New compounds: new tools or new toys? • Clinical practice: between the hammer and the anvil? • References

7. New treatments of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
Nicoletta Iacovidou, Aggeliki Syggelou, Spyros Kloudas, Theodoros Xanthos
Definitions • Pulmonary vasculature physiology – Pathophysiology of PPHN • Etiology of PPHN – Classification – Predisposing factors • Diagnosis of PPHN • Management of PPHN • References

8. Inotropic and vasopressor drugs in the newborn
Hercília Guimarães, Gustavo Rocha, Paulo Soares, Henrique Soares, Maria Beatriz Guedes
Inotropic agents • Epinephrine • Norepinephrine • Dopamine • Dobutamine • Isoproterenol • Milrinone • Levosimendan • References

9. Role of vasopressin and terlipressin in newborns and infants with hypotension and shock
Paolo Biban, Davide Silvagni
Biology of endogenous vasopressin • Role of endogenous vasopressin in shock • Pharmacology of vasopressin and terlipressin • Exogenous vasopressin and terlipressin in neonatal and pediatric shock • Safety and adverse effects of vasopressin and terlipressin • Conclusions • References

10. Pharmacological treatment of patent ductus arteriosus: the last days of indomethacin?
Bart Van Overmeire
Indomethacin • Ibuprofen, the preferred drug? • Gastrointestinal effects of NSAIDs • Renal adverse effects of NSAIDs • Pulmonary hypertension • Bilirubin and ibuprofen • Appropriate NSAIDs dosing • Adapted ibuprofen dosing • Oral administration • Paracetamol? • Conclusion • References

11. The role of caffeine in neonatology
Pier Paolo Bassareo, Vassilios Fanos, Giuseppe Mercuro
Caffeine: short-term effects • Caffeine: long-term effects • Conclusions • References

12. Pulmonary surfactant in newborn infants
Virgilio P. Carnielli, Stefano Nobile, Paola E. Cogo
Background and history • Composition and pharmacodynamics • Methods for pharmacokinetic studies • Surfactant therapy • References

13. Meconium aspiration syndrome: do we know the treatment?
Murat Yurdakök
Pathophysiology of meconium aspiration syndrome • Prophylaxis of meconium aspiration • Management of infants with meconium aspiration • Conclusions • References

14. Treatment of chronic lung disease
Fabio Mosca, Valentina Polimeni, Francesca Ciuffini, Massimo Agosti, Monica Fumagalli, Mariarosa Colnaghi
Caffeine • Diuretics • Postnatal corticosteroids • Surfactant • Bronchodilators • Inhaled nitric oxide • Pulmonary vasodilators • Anti-oxidants • Stem cells • Conclusion • References

15. Postnatal steroids for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Eren Özek
Postnatal corticosteroids for bronchopulmonary dysplasia • Background • Current evidence of postnatal steroid use • Choice of glucocorticoids • Timing, dosage and duration of corticosteroids • Other systemic or inhaled glucocorticoids • Summary of current evidence based recommendations • References

16. Molecular and clinical pharmacology of retinopathy of prematurity
Kay D. Beharry, Jacob V. Aranda, Daniel Canal-Tristancho, Gloria B. Valencia, Douglas R. Lazarro
Epidemiology and clinical considerations • Pharmacologic interventions in ROP • Caffeine • NSAIDs and COX blockade in ROP • Antioxidant use in ROP • Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) • Growth factors, IGF-1, VEGF and VEGF-antibodies • Beta-blockers • Other pharmacologic interventions • Summary • References

17. How to treat hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with drugs
Serafina Perrone, Gemma Stazzoni, Maria Luisa Tataranno, Giuseppe Buonocore
Pathophysiology of HIE • Promising pharmacological interventions • Combined therapies • Conclusions • References

18. Does the best antioxidant come from the brain? Melatonin for the newborn: present and future
Ignazio Barberi, Salvatore Aversa, Lucia Marseglia, Eloisa Gitto
Utility of melatonin in newborns • Future prospectives • References

19. Invasive fungal infections in the nursery: the state of the art
Paolo Manzoni, Elio Castagnola, Eveline Jacqz-Aigrain, Mauro Stronati, Daniele Farina
Risk factors • Prevention • Treatment of neonatal invasive fungal disease: antifungal drugs • References

20. News on management of Cytomegalovirus infections
Marcello Lanari, Maria Grazia Capretti, Paola Sogno Valin, Tiziana Lazzarotto
Prenatal strategies to prevent CMV congenital infection • Neonatal diagnosis of CMV congenital infection • Postnatal CMV infection transmitted via mother’s milk • Neuroimaging of CMV congenital infected newborns • CMV and antiviral therapy • Conclusions • References

21. Global (pharmacological and non pharmacological) prevention of RSV infection
Giovanni Corsello, Bruna Gabriele, Mario Giuffrè
Respiratory syncytial virus infections • Non pharmacological prophylaxis • Pharmacological prophylaxis • Conclusions • References

22. Clinical review of pharmacologic agents for infants with severe viral bronchiolitis
Corrado Moretti, Paola Papoff, Carla Cerasaro, Caterina Silvia Barbàra, Serena Salvadei, Fabio Midulla
Antibiotics • Beta agonists, epinephrine and hypertonic saline • Corticosteroids • DNase • Caffeine • Surfactant • Anesthetics • Conclusions • References

23. Perinatal antiretroviral therapy
Natella Y. Rakhmanina, Sahera Dirajlal-Fargo, John N. van den Anker
Antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and delivery • Neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis • Safety of perinatal antiretroviral therapy • Conclusions • References

Index

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Description

“Developmental Nephrology: From Embryology to Metabolomics” edited by Vassilios Fanos, Robert L. Chevalier, Gavino Faa, Luigi Cataldi

ISBN 9788890651403, 246 pages, PDF, € 59,99, 1st ebook edition: May 2012

Authors: Rino Agostiniani, Karel Allegaert, Fani Anatolitou, Roberto Antonucci, Jacob V. Aranda, Alessandra Atzei, Luigi Atzori, Luigi Barberini, Kay D. Beharry, Martina Bertin, Luigi Cataldi, Robert L. Chevalier, Nataliya Chorny, Erich Cosmi, Laura Cuzzolin, Ernesto D’Aloja, Mario De Curtis, Angelica Dessì, Gavino Faa, Daniela Fanni, Vassilios Fanos, Gabriele Finco, Helen Georgaki-Angelaki, Clara Gerosa, Hercília Guimarães, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Maria Antonietta Marcialis, Viviana Marinelli, Silvio Maringhini, Alice Melis, Guido Monga, Michele Mussap, Sonia Nemolato, Antonio Noto, Giovanni Ottonello, Maria Dolores Pilloni, Bernadette Pinna, Maria Cristina Pintus, Melania Puddu, Elisabetta Puxeddu, Jacques Rigo, Luigi Ruggeri, Kosmas Sarafidis, Morris Shoeneman, Teresa Tomé, Daniele Trevisanuto, Maria Elisabetta Trudu, Gloria B. Valencia, John N. van den Anker, Silvia Visentin, Murat Yurdakök, Marco Zaffanello, Vincenzo Zanardo

The traditional approach to kidney disorders is changing. In the field of diagnostics much innovative research is ongoing: from the “old” embryology, revisited and re-interpreted with new eyes in the light of immunohistochemistry, up to metabolomics the latest “daughter” of genomics, the most promising and remarkable of the “omics” disciplines.

Between these two extremes we find a universe of novelties, ranging from the most recent urinary biomarkers to the questions of nutrition and growth, as well as those of ethics, which the new populations of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates present to neonatologists and nephrologists.

The studies on perinatal programming expand the temporal horizon of precocious reduction in the number of nephrons, both congenital and/or acquired, thus dilating and multiplying the immediate and long-term negative effects. Neonatal asphyxia, obstructive uropathies, nephrotoxic drugs administered to the mother and/or to the neonate, malnutrition, underfeeding, or overfeeding make it necessary to apply all possible preventive measures to ensure the well-being of the kidney. Because of the kidney’s holistic dimension, the methodical and rigorous study of neonatal nephrology has advanced all aspects of health through the life cycle.

This volume is an update state of the art of the latest discoveries in neonatal and pediatric nephrology. These advances will have an even greater impact when the same children reach adulthood, and the ultimate consequences of perinatal care are unmasked.

Main topics

Aminoglycosides - Antifungals - Aquaporins - Asphyxia - Ethical issues - Intrauterine growth restriction - Italian Neonatal Nephrology Study Group - Kidney embryogenesis - Metabolomics - Nephrotoxicity - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - Nutrition - Obstructive uropathy - Pediatric nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis - Perinatal programming - Pyelonephritis - Sepsis - Ultrasounds - Urinary biomarkers

Contents

1. Kidney embryogenesis: how to look at old things with new eyes
Gavino Faa, Clara Gerosa, Daniela Fanni, Sonia Nemolato, Guido Monga, Vassilios Fanos
A fascinating traffic of cells and tissues • Morphological sequence of events in human kidney development • Molecular regulation of nephrogenesis • Embryology and carcinogenesis: how to better understand kidney tumors by studying tissue expression of transcription factors • Kidney development: can we trace adult kidney behavior to the nine months before birth? • Conclusions and future challenges • References

2. Obstructive uropathy: the state of the art
Robert L. Chevalier
Pathogenesis of obstructive uropathy: animal models • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of obstructive renal injury • Renal growth and glomerular injury • Renal tubular injury • Renal interstitial injury • The role of angiotensin • Evaluation and management of upper tract obstruction • Evaluation and management of lower tract obstruction • Long-term follow-up and the future • References

3. Perinatal programming: long-term consequences for the kidney
Melania Puddu, Luigi Cataldi, Gavino Faa, Murat Yurdakök, Silvio Maringhini, Vassilios Fanos
Is the neonate the father of the adult? • Developmental programming of the kidney and epigenetics • Low neonatal weight and kidney diseases: a dangerous couple • From epidemiology to the clinic and experimentation… • …to pathological anatomy • Renal programming in the VLBW and ELBW: old and new • The influence of pre- and postnatal nutrition • The final number of nephrons as the key factor in the health of the kidney and the organism • Drugs and modulation of nephrogenesis • Future directions • References

4. Aquaporins: implications for the newborn infants
Jacob V. Aranda, Elisabetta Puxeddu, Nataliya Chorny, Morris Shoeneman, Gloria B. Valencia, Kay D. Beharry
Aquaporins • Clinical relevance for the newborn infant •Aquaporins in the eyes • Renal ontogeny of aquaporins • References

5. Pediatric nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis
Maria Antonietta Marcialis, Angelica Dessì, Maria Cristina Pintus, Bernadette Pinna, Luigi Ruggeri, Vassilios Fanos
Mechanism of action of AVP • Frequency of NSIAD • Symptomatology • Therapy • Future directions • Take-home messages • References

6. Nutrition and kidney in preterm infant
Mario De Curtis, Jacques Rigo
Intrauterine growth and kidney development • Effect of nutrition and growth on the kidney in the postnatal period • Hypercalciuria in preterm infants fed human milk • Maturation of renal function • Renal solute load in preterm infants • Metabolic acidosis and feeding of preterm infants • References

7. Vascular and renal problems among infants with intrauterine growth restriction
Vincenzo Zanardo, Martina Bertin, Vassilios Fanos, Silvia Visentin, Daniele Trevisanuto, Erich Cosmi
The Barker hypothesis and fetal programming of adult disease • Endothelial dysfunction • Fetal programming and renal consequences • Conclusion • References

8. Antenatal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the neonatal kidney
Roberto Antonucci, Marco Zaffanello, Maria Dolores Pilloni, Vassilios Fanos
NSAIDs use in pregnancy and the neonatal kidney: general remarks • Placental transfer of NSAIDs • Pathophysiology of COX inhibition • Metabolism and excretion of NSAIDs • Experimental studies in animals • Observational studies in humans • Histopathological findings • Laboratory assessment • Take-home messages • References

9. Renal safety of antifungals and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the newborn
Vassilios Fanos, Michele Mussap, Roberto Antonucci, Laura Cuzzolin, Teresa Tomé, Hercília Guimarães
Drug-induced renal damage in the newborn • Physiopathology • Renal safety of antifungals • Renal safety of NSAIDs • References

10. Clinical pharmacology of aminoglycosides and the developing kidney
Karel Allegaert, John N. van den Anker
Aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics: how does the developing kidney handle aminoglycosides? • Aminoglycoside pharmacodynamics: how do aminoglycosides affect the developing kidney? • Clinical relevance • References

11. The kidney in post-asphyctic syndrome: state of the art
Vassilios Fanos, Luigi Atzori, Angelica Dessì, Ernesto D’Aloja, Gabriele Finco, Gavino Faa
How big is the problem? • Physiopathology of postasphyctic kidney damage • Early diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic kidney damage • Metabolomics in asphyxia • Prediction of acute postasphyctic renal insufficiency • Therapy and prevention • Prognosis • References

12. Renal consequences of perinatal asphyxia: the role of urinary biomarkers
Kosmas Sarafidis
AKI in perinatal asphyxia • Diagnosis of AKI in perinatal asphyxia • Biomarkers of AKI • AKI biomarkers and their potential use in perinatal asphyxia • Conclusions • References

13. Metabolomics in perinatal renal asphyxia
Luigi Atzori, Antonio Noto, Luigi Barberini, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Viviana Marinelli, Vassilios Fanos
The kidneys: the second highest consumers of oxygen after the brain • Perinatal programming theory • Intrauterine growth restriction • Metabolomics • Biological samples in metabolomics • Metabolomics and renal asphyxia • Conclusions • References

14. Biochemical markers in neonatal sepsis-induced acute kidney injury
Michele Mussap, Vassilios Fanos
Neonatal sepsis-induced AKI • Biomarkers for assessing AKI • Biomarkers for assessing systemic inflammation, sepsis, and septic shock • Sepsis-induced AKI biochemical markers • Future prospects • References

15. Ultrasounds and the kidney
Rino Agostiniani
The approach to newborns with suspected urinary tract malformations • Ultrasonography examination of the neonatal urinary tract • The Doppler techniques and the new tools • References

16. Pyelonephritis in the newborn
Giovanni Ottonello, Alessandra Atzei, Angelica Dessì, Maria Elisabetta Trudu, Alice Melis, Vassilios Fanos
Epidemiology/risk factors • Etiology • Clinical medicine • Diagnosis • Therapy • Conclusions • References

17. Ethical issues in the management of neonates with severe renal failure
Fani Anatolitou, Helen Georgaki-Angelaki
Ethical dilemmas • General theoretical basis • Clinical solutions • Quality of life or sanctity of life? • Withholding or withdrawing treatment • Legal aspects • Resource allocation – Socioeconomic factors • Decision-making process • Conclusions • References

18. The Neonatal Nephrology Study Group: 25 years of work
Luigi Cataldi, Gavino Faa, Robert L. Chevalier, Vassilios Fanos; The Italian Society of Neonatology, The Neonatal Nephrology Study Group
Investigations • Teaching Program • Future directions • References

Index

Hardcover

If you prefer to read the physical copy of this book, please click here

The post Developmental Nephrology: From Embryology to Metabolomics (EBOOK) appeared first on Hygeia Press.

How to buy this book

Order this book on Amazon!

Order this book on IBS!

IBS provides international delivery, you can read the delivery rates here: IBS delivery rates.

This book is also available in the bookshops listed on the page “HOW TO ORDER – COME ORDINARE“.

For more information about this book, please send us an email at hygeiapress@hygeiapress.com.

“Developmental Nephrology: From Embryology to Metabolomics” edited by Vassilios Fanos, Robert L. Chevalier, Gavino Faa, Luigi Cataldi

ISBN 9788890438929, book series: Systems Medicine, 272 pages, Hardcover, € 80, 1st edition: October 2011

Authors: Rino Agostiniani, Karel Allegaert, Fani Anatolitou, Roberto Antonucci, Jacob V. Aranda, Alessandra Atzei, Luigi Atzori, Luigi Barberini, Kay D. Beharry, Martina Bertin, Luigi Cataldi, Robert L. Chevalier, Nataliya Chorny, Erich Cosmi, Laura Cuzzolin, Ernesto D’Aloja, Mario De Curtis, Angelica Dessì, Gavino Faa, Daniela Fanni, Vassilios Fanos, Gabriele Finco, Helen Georgaki-Angelaki, Clara Gerosa, Hercília Guimarães, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Maria Antonietta Marcialis, Viviana Marinelli, Silvio Maringhini, Alice Melis, Guido Monga, Michele Mussap, Sonia Nemolato, Antonio Noto, Giovanni Ottonello, Maria Dolores Pilloni, Bernadette Pinna, Maria Cristina Pintus, Melania Puddu, Elisabetta Puxeddu, Jacques Rigo, Luigi Ruggeri, Kosmas Sarafidis, Morris Shoeneman, Teresa Tomé, Daniele Trevisanuto, Maria Elisabetta Trudu, Gloria B. Valencia, John N. van den Anker, Silvia Visentin, Murat Yurdakök, Marco Zaffanello, Vincenzo Zanardo

The traditional approach to kidney disorders is changing. In the field of diagnostics much innovative research is ongoing: from the “old” embryology, revisited and re-interpreted with new eyes in the light of immunohistochemistry, up to metabolomics the latest “daughter” of genomics, the most promising and remarkable of the “omics” disciplines.

Between these two extremes we find a universe of novelties, ranging from the most recent urinary biomarkers to the questions of nutrition and growth, as well as those of ethics, which the new populations of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) neonates present to neonatologists and nephrologists.

The studies on perinatal programming expand the temporal horizon of precocious reduction in the number of nephrons, both congenital and/or acquired, thus dilating and multiplying the immediate and long-term negative effects. Neonatal asphyxia, obstructive uropathies, nephrotoxic drugs administered to the mother and/or to the neonate, malnutrition, underfeeding, or overfeeding make it necessary to apply all possible preventive measures to ensure the well-being of the kidney. Because of the kidney’s holistic dimension, the methodical and rigorous study of neonatal nephrology has advanced all aspects of health through the life cycle.

This volume is an update state of the art of the latest discoveries in neonatal and pediatric nephrology. These advances will have an even greater impact when the same children reach adulthood, and the ultimate consequences of perinatal care are unmasked.

Aminoglycosides – Antifungals – Aquaporins – Asphyxia – Ethical issues – Intrauterine growth restriction – Italian Neonatal Nephrology Study Group – Kidney embryogenesis – Metabolomics – Nephrotoxicity – Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs – Nutrition – Obstructive uropathy – Pediatric nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis – Perinatal programming – Pyelonephritis – Sepsis – Ultrasounds – Urinary biomarkers

1. Kidney embryogenesis: how to look at old things with new eyes
Gavino Faa, Clara Gerosa, Daniela Fanni, Sonia Nemolato, Guido Monga, Vassilios Fanos
A fascinating traffic of cells and tissues • Morphological sequence of events in human kidney development • Molecular regulation of nephrogenesis • Embryology and carcinogenesis: how to better understand kidney tumors by studying tissue expression of transcription factors • Kidney development: can we trace adult kidney behavior to the nine months before birth? • Conclusions and future challenges • References

2. Obstructive uropathy: the state of the art
Robert L. Chevalier
Pathogenesis of obstructive uropathy: animal models • Cellular and molecular mechanisms of obstructive renal injury • Renal growth and glomerular injury • Renal tubular injury • Renal interstitial injury • The role of angiotensin • Evaluation and management of upper tract obstruction • Evaluation and management of lower tract obstruction • Long-term follow-up and the future • References

3. Perinatal programming: long-term consequences for the kidney
Melania Puddu, Luigi Cataldi, Gavino Faa, Murat Yurdakök, Silvio Maringhini, Vassilios Fanos
Is the neonate the father of the adult? • Developmental programming of the kidney and epigenetics • Low neonatal weight and kidney diseases: a dangerous couple • From epidemiology to the clinic and experimentation… • …to pathological anatomy • Renal programming in the VLBW and ELBW: old and new • The influence of pre- and postnatal nutrition • The final number of nephrons as the key factor in the health of the kidney and the organism • Drugs and modulation of nephrogenesis • Future directions • References

4. Aquaporins: implications for the newborn infants
Jacob V. Aranda, Elisabetta Puxeddu, Nataliya Chorny, Morris Shoeneman, Gloria B. Valencia, Kay D. Beharry
Aquaporins • Clinical relevance for the newborn infant •Aquaporins in the eyes • Renal ontogeny of aquaporins • References

5. Pediatric nephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis
Maria Antonietta Marcialis, Angelica Dessì, Maria Cristina Pintus, Bernadette Pinna, Luigi Ruggeri, Vassilios Fanos
Mechanism of action of AVP • Frequency of NSIAD • Symptomatology • Therapy • Future directions • Take-home messages • References

6. Nutrition and kidney in preterm infant
Mario De Curtis, Jacques Rigo
Intrauterine growth and kidney development • Effect of nutrition and growth on the kidney in the postnatal period • Hypercalciuria in preterm infants fed human milk • Maturation of renal function • Renal solute load in preterm infants • Metabolic acidosis and feeding of preterm infants • References

7. Vascular and renal problems among infants with intrauterine growth restriction
Vincenzo Zanardo, Martina Bertin, Vassilios Fanos, Silvia Visentin, Daniele Trevisanuto, Erich Cosmi
The Barker hypothesis and fetal programming of adult disease • Endothelial dysfunction • Fetal programming and renal consequences • Conclusion • References

8. Antenatal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and the neonatal kidney
Roberto Antonucci, Marco Zaffanello, Maria Dolores Pilloni, Vassilios Fanos
NSAIDs use in pregnancy and the neonatal kidney: general remarks • Placental transfer of NSAIDs • Pathophysiology of COX inhibition • Metabolism and excretion of NSAIDs • Experimental studies in animals • Observational studies in humans • Histopathological findings • Laboratory assessment • Take-home messages • References

9. Renal safety of antifungals and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the newborn
Vassilios Fanos, Michele Mussap, Roberto Antonucci, Laura Cuzzolin, Teresa Tomé, Hercília Guimarães
Drug-induced renal damage in the newborn • Physiopathology • Renal safety of antifungals • Renal safety of NSAIDs • References

10. Clinical pharmacology of aminoglycosides and the developing kidney
Karel Allegaert, John N. van den Anker
Aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics: how does the developing kidney handle aminoglycosides? • Aminoglycoside pharmacodynamics: how do aminoglycosides affect the developing kidney? • Clinical relevance • References

11. The kidney in post-asphyctic syndrome: state of the art
Vassilios Fanos, Luigi Atzori, Angelica Dessì, Ernesto D’Aloja, Gabriele Finco, Gavino Faa
How big is the problem? • Physiopathology of postasphyctic kidney damage • Early diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic kidney damage • Metabolomics in asphyxia • Prediction of acute postasphyctic renal insufficiency • Therapy and prevention • Prognosis • References

12. Renal consequences of perinatal asphyxia: the role of urinary biomarkers
Kosmas Sarafidis
AKI in perinatal asphyxia • Diagnosis of AKI in perinatal asphyxia • Biomarkers of AKI • AKI biomarkers and their potential use in perinatal asphyxia • Conclusions • References

13. Metabolomics in perinatal renal asphyxia
Luigi Atzori, Antonio Noto, Luigi Barberini, Nicoletta Iacovidou, Viviana Marinelli, Vassilios Fanos
The kidneys: the second highest consumers of oxygen after the brain • Perinatal programming theory • Intrauterine growth restriction • Metabolomics • Biological samples in metabolomics • Metabolomics and renal asphyxia • Conclusions • References

14. Biochemical markers in neonatal sepsis-induced acute kidney injury
Michele Mussap, Vassilios Fanos
Neonatal sepsis-induced AKI • Biomarkers for assessing AKI • Biomarkers for assessing systemic inflammation, sepsis, and septic shock • Sepsis-induced AKI biochemical markers • Future prospects • References

15. Ultrasounds and the kidney
Rino Agostiniani
The approach to newborns with suspected urinary tract malformations • Ultrasonography examination of the neonatal urinary tract • The Doppler techniques and the new tools • References

16. Pyelonephritis in the newborn
Giovanni Ottonello, Alessandra Atzei, Angelica Dessì, Maria Elisabetta Trudu, Alice Melis, Vassilios Fanos
Epidemiology/risk factors • Etiology • Clinical medicine • Diagnosis • Therapy • Conclusions • References

17. Ethical issues in the management of neonates with severe renal failure
Fani Anatolitou, Helen Georgaki-Angelaki
Ethical dilemmas • General theoretical basis • Clinical solutions • Quality of life or sanctity of life? • Withholding or withdrawing treatment • Legal aspects • Resource allocation – Socioeconomic factors • Decision-making process • Conclusions • References

18. The Neonatal Nephrology Study Group: 25 years of work
Luigi Cataldi, Gavino Faa, Robert L. Chevalier, Vassilios Fanos; The Italian Society of Neonatology, The Neonatal Nephrology Study Group
Investigations • Teaching Program • Future directions • References

Index

You can also view the book’s table of contents here: link.

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